4 But their first description was attributed to Hippocrates. He made a detailed description of them in 1643. Sutural bones were named Wormian bones after the Danish anatomist, Olaus Wormius, a medical doctor at the University of Copenhagen. Sutural bones are studied and reported as ethnic variables, being of interest to human anatomy, physical anthropology, forensic medicine, radiology among others. Many factors have been proven to be involved in the incidence of Sutural bones in the human skull but it remains controversial what affects the prevalence of Sutural bones formation and the mechanisms responsible for the formation of Sutural bones are unknown and it is still unclear why Sutural bones are common in certain races. The presence of Sutural bones may mislead the diagnosis when X-rays are taken and they may be mistaken for fractures. 1, 2 They are poorly described although they are quiet frequent. Sutural bones result from formation of abnormal ossification centers in the skulls that develop in addition to those seen normally. They are supernumerary irregular, accessory and abnormal small bones interposed between cranial bones, most commonly located in the lambdoid suture. Sutural bones are sporadically found in the course of cranial sutures and fontanels or isolated. Any duplication or distribution of the information contained herein is strictly prohibited.The human skull is composed of several bones that fuse together after birth additionally to the regular centre of ossification of the skull. Links to other sites are provided for information only - they do not constitute endorsements of those other sites. A licensed medical professional should be consulted for diagnosis and treatment of any and all medical conditions. The information provided herein should not be used during any medical emergency or for the diagnosis or treatment of any medical condition. This site complies with the HONcode standard for trustworthy health information: verify here. Learn more about A.D.A.M.'s editorial policy, editorial process and privacy policy. is among the first to achieve this important distinction for online health information and services. follows rigorous standards of quality and accountability. is accredited by URAC, for Health Content Provider (URAC's accreditation program is an independent audit to verify that A.D.A.M. Dugdale, MD, Medical Director, Brenda Conaway, Editorial Director, and the A.D.A.M. Kaneshiro, MD, MHA, Clinical Professor of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA. Zitelli and Davis' Atlas of Pediatric Physical Diagnosis. In: Zitelli BJ, McIntire SC, Nowalk AJ, Garrison J, eds. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier 2020:chap 113. Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, eds. Sunken, depressed fontanelles are sometimes a sign of dehydration. Surgery may be needed to relieve the increased pressure. In this case, providers may need to use imaging techniques to see the brain structure, such as CT scan or MRI scan. Bulging fontanelles may be a sign of increased pressure within the brain. The fontanelles should feel flat and firm. They are able to assess the pressure inside the brain by feeling the tension of the fontanelles. The child would develop brain damage.įeeling the cranial sutures and fontanelles is one way that health care providers follow the child's growth and development. Without flexible sutures and fontanelles, the child's brain could not grow enough. This allows the brain to grow quickly and protects the brain from minor impacts to the head (such as when the infant is learning to hold his head up, roll over, and sit up). During childbirth, the flexibility of the sutures allows the bones to overlap so the baby's head can pass through the birth canal without pressing on and damaging their brain.ĭuring infancy and childhood, the sutures are flexible. The sutures and fontanelles are needed for the infant's brain growth and development. The anterior fontanelle usually closes sometime within 7 to 19 months. The posterior fontanelle usually closes by age 1 to 2 months. In the back of the middle of the head (posterior fontanelle).On the top of the middle head, just forward of center (anterior fontanelle).Two fontanelles usually are present on a newborn's skull: They stay connected throughout adulthood. They then grow together as part of normal growth. The cranial bones remain separate for about 12 to 18 months. These spaces are a part of normal development. The spaces between the bones that remain open in babies and young children are called fontanelles. These bones are held together by strong, fibrous, elastic tissues called sutures. ImagesĪn infant's skull is made up of 6 separate cranial (skull) bones: Cranial sutures are fibrous bands of tissue that connect the bones of the skull.
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